一、基本用法

There be 句型是英语中最为常用的句型之一， 主要用来表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。

There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。be后的名词是句子的主语。其基本用法结构为：

There be+名词主语（人或物）+地点

其中，be的形式随着后面的名词时单数还是复数而变化，即：当be后面接的是单数可数名词，则采用is；当be后面接的是复数可数名词，则采用are。如：

There is a man under the tree.

There are some apples on the table.

【注意】

1、否定句

There be的否定句一般是直接在be后加not，not可以缩略为‘t。如果原句中还有some，一般要改为any。如：

There isn’t a man under the tree.

There aren’t any apples on the table.

还有一种否定表达方式是通过no来表达，此时的no相当于not…any。如：

There is no water in the bottle.

There isn’t any water in the bottle.

There are no pictures on the wall.

There aren’t any pictures on the wall.

2、一般疑问句

There be句型要改为一般疑问句，只要把be提到句首即可。其肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are，否定回答为：No, there isn’t/aren’t。如果原句中含有some，也要改为any。如：

– Is there a man under the tree?

– Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.

– Are there any apples on the table?

– Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

3、特殊疑问句

There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况。如：

There are five thousand students in our school. （就five thousand提问）

How many students are there in your school?

There is a little money in my wallet. （就a little提问）

How much money is there in your wallet?

4、反义疑问句

There be的反义疑问句一般是以be作为反义疑问部分的助动词来用，它也遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则。如：

There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?

该句前半句为肯定句，所以反义疑问句部分要采用否定的isn’t。

There is no juice left in the bottle, is there?

该句前半句为否定句，所以反义疑问句部分要采用肯定的is。

二、主谓一致

1、不可数名词作主语

当be后接的是不可数名词时，be要采用is；当其后接的是由表量的名词的复数所连接的不可数名词时，be要采用are。如：

There is some bread on the plate.

There are three pieces of bread on the plate.

2、就近原则

如果There be 后面是几个并列名词时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。如：

There is an apple, two plates and five bowls on the table.

There are two plates, an apple and five bowls on the table.

三、时态变化

There be 句型中的be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时的变化。如：

There are some people talking loudly in the reading room.

There was a car race in the town last year.

There will be a meeting next Friday.

There has been a great increase in population in the city in the past five years.

四、与情态动词的连用

There be句型也可以与情态动词连用。其基本用法结构为：There+情态动词+be+名词主语+其他成分。如：

There may be a great exhibition in Shanghai next year.

There must be some cakes left in the box.

There used to be a hospital there before the war.

五、各种句型中的There be

There be句型也可以和be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to等常用句型连用。其基本用法结构为：There+特殊句型+be+名词主语+其他成分。如：

There seem to be a big difference between the twins.

There is going to be a film in the village tonight.

There is likely to be a snowstorm.

There happened to be a man nearby.

There appeared to have been a tragic accident last week.

六、与其它动词的连用

There be句型中的be有时会被替换为其他行为动词。如：

There came a breeze that his wife had eloped with her lover. （有谣言说他妻子与她情人私奔了。）

Once upon a time, there lived a princess who was very beautiful. （从前，有一位非常美丽的公主。）

七、与have的区别

There be和have都可以表示“有”的意思，此时两者的用法可以相互转化。如：

There are many small rivers in the ancient town.

The ancient town has many small rivers.

但是，只有There be能够用来表存在，侧重表达某地有某物，而have没有此用法。如：

There are some trees in front of the house.

这句话中的There are就无法转化为have的用法。

八、There be的非谓语动词用法

There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

1、作主语

There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage. （我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。）

2. 作宾语

there to be可以用作expect、like、mean、intend、want、prefer等动词的复合宾语。如：

I expect there to be no argument about this. （我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。）

People don’t want there to be another war. （人们不希望再有战争了。）

有时也会用作介词的宾语，其形式一般为there being。如：

I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. （我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。）

3、作状语

作状语时，通常采用“there being”结构。如：

There being no one to help me, I had to do it all alone. （因为没有人帮助我，我不得不独立完成这项工作。）